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The Role of Visual Media in Shaping Gen Z’s Self-Image

The Role of Visual Media in Shaping Gen Z’s Self-Image

Generation Z, born between the late 1990s and early 2010s, is the first generation to grow up entirely in the digital era. From early childhood, they have been surrounded by smartphones, social media platforms, and a constant flow of images and videos.

Unlike earlier generations, their identity development has taken place in a world where visual media is not simply entertainment, but a dominant space for communication, self-expression, and social validation. The way they see themselves—and the way others see them—is now deeply intertwined with the images they share and consume online.

Social Comparison and Self-Perception

Visual media plays a powerful role in shaping how young people think about themselves. Social platforms are designed to encourage sharing, but they also foster constant comparison. Carefully designed posts and edited images often present an idealized version of life, leading viewers to measure themselves against unrealistic standards. Over time, this cycle of comparison can influence self-esteem, creating feelings of self-doubt. Feedback in the form of likes, comments, and follower counts reinforces the idea that appearance and presentation are central to self-worth. This dynamic mirrors a “digital looking-glass,” where identity is shaped through imagined perceptions of others.

 Constructing and Managing Online Identity

Beyond the images themselves, the way Gen Z constructs their online presence reveals much about their self-image. Many young people manage multiple accounts—some public and highly polished, others private and more authentic. This practice allows them to navigate the tension between societal expectations and personal truth. However, it also reflects the pressure to maintain a brand-like version of oneself online. While this made-up identity can be empowering, it can also be limiting, as it often prioritizes what is visually appealing or socially approved over what is genuine.

Influence of  Online Trends and Algorithm

Algorithms further shape Gen Z’s self-image by controlling the flow of visual content they encounter daily. Posts that are highly polished, trendy, or attention-grabbing are more likely to be promoted, setting the tone for what is considered desirable. Influencers and content creators—often presented as relatable “real people”—become powerful role models, shaping fashion choices, lifestyle aspirations, and even values. In many cases, young people unconsciously adjust their self-presentation to align with these trends, reinforcing the influence of visual culture on personal identity.

For Generation Z, growing up in a world filled with visual media has created both opportunities and challenges. On one hand, these platforms provide tools for creativity, connection, and self-expression. On the other hand, they can amplify social pressures, distort self-perception, and encourage dependence on external validation. The influence of visual media is not inherently negative, but it requires awareness and critical thinking to navigate. By understanding the mechanisms behind comparison, curated identity, and algorithm-driven trends, Gen Z can better balance their online presence with a healthy sense of self.

 

References

Kollárová, S., & Niklová, M. (2025). The Digital Identity of Generation Z (Drukarnia Poldruk, Józef Grzywa, Marek Kawka, Ed.). Poldruk s.c. Poland.

MyKaila Young. (2025). The Digital Coming of Age: How Social Media Shapes Self‑Concept and Worldview Across Generations. ejournals, 68(2), 262. https://ejournals.eu/en/journal/zeszyty-prasoznawcze/article/the-digital-coming-of-age-how-social-media-shapes-self-concept-and-worldview-across-generations

Written by: Thrya Abdulraheem Motea Al-aqab

Edited by: Meigitaria Sanita

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Kunjungan Delegasi Ilmu Komunikasi UMS ‘Benchmarking Pengelolaan Prodi hingga KTW Mahasiswa’

Kunjungan dari Ilmu Komunikasi UMS ‘Benchmarking Pengelolaan Prodi hingga KTW Mahasiswa’

Jurusan Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII), menerima kunjungan dari Prodi Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta (UMS). Kunjungan pada 21 Agustus 2025 tersebut secara spesifik bertujuan untuk benchmarking pengelolaan program studi, strategi peningkatan kelulusan tepat waktu mahasiswa (KTW) mahasiswa, luaran skripsi berbasis karya, hingga pengelolaan laboratorium.

Ketua Jurusan Ilmu Komunikasi UII, Iwan Awaluddin Yusuf, S.IP., M.Si., Ph.D menyambut kedatangan rombongan dari UMS. Harapannya pertemuan ini mampu membuka berbagai peluang kolaborasi.

“Kita sama-sama belajar proses pertemuan ini membuka peluang kolaborasi yang strategis dan saling melengkapi. Tidak ada kampus yang serba sempurna, oleh karena itu kita perlu berdiskusi untuk membuka peluang kerja sama baik dalam aspek praktis maupun akademis, serta saling melengkapi kekurangan masing-masing. Beberapa inovasi dan keberhasilan lulusannya dapat menjadi bahan pembelajaran bersama,” ungkapnya.

Merespon sambutan, Sidiq Setyawan, M.I.Kom selaku Ketua Prodi Ilmu Komunikasi UMS memaparkan situasi di lembaganya. Khususnya terkait proporsi mahasiswa dan dosen, serta berbagai hambatan dalam kurikulum dan pengelolaannya.

“Kami memiliki 21 dosen (homebas), beberapa di antaranya sedang dalam proses melanjutkan studi,” jelasnya.

“Fakultas Komunikasi dan Informatika mendirikan Pusat Studi Informatika Sosial yang terbuka untuk kolaborasi riset, pengabdian masyarakat, skripsi, serta revisi kurikulum setiap lima tahun sekali guna mempersiapkan lulusan yang adaptif terhadap perkembangan teknologi dan informasi,” tambahnya.

Strategi Jurusan Ilmu Komunikasi Mempersiapkan KTW Mahasiswa

Poin dalam diskusi tersebut bertujuan untuk mengaplikasikan berbagai strategi kelulusan tepat waktu mahasiswa. Dr. Zaki Habibi, sebagai Kaprodi Ilmu Komunikasi UII menjelaskan secara detail penanganan persoalan tersebut.

Dimulai dengan proporsi dosen dan staf dengan berbagai keahlian termasuk sistem perekrutannya. Keterlibatan staf dalam kerja-kerja pendampingan mahasiswa serta pengelolaan laboratorium dan PDMA Nadim yang mendukung tugas akhir mahasiswa.

Di tengah regulasi dari pemerintah yang dinamis, kurikulum di Jurusan Ilmu Komunikasi UII mengacu pada kurikulum 2023.

“Kami terus belajar dan bertumbuh dengan pendekatan strategis dan kultural sekaligus, serta memahami logika dan regulasi kurikulum dan akreditasi yang kerap berubah,” jelasnya.

Kurikulum disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan mahasiswa dan zaman, hasilnya dapat diketahui melalui tracer study (survei). Jika pada beberapa institusi menempatkan magang sebelum tugas akhir, Jurusan Ilmu Komunikasi UII justru menempatkan di akhir. Selain membuat mahasiswa lebih fokus dengan tugas akhir, magang yang bersifat praktik kerap membuat mahasiswa lanjut untuk melakukan kerja profesional.

“Dalam merancang program dan regulasi, kami jujur bahwa kurikulum kami masih bersifat trial dan harus adaptif serta dapat disesuaikan. Kurikulum 2023 menghadirkan perubahan alur mata kuliah, namun bukan berarti substansinya hilang. Kami menempatkan skripsi dan magang di bagian akhir. Perubahan dari konsentrasi menjadi bidang minat ini kami evaluasi melalui hasil tracer study untuk memastikan cakupan kurikulum sudah memadai,” paparnya.

Strategi lainnya adalah menciptakan jalur kelulusan yang beragam mulai dari skripsi, projek karya komunikasi, karya bersama mitra internasional, penulisan artikel jurnal, hingga magang yang laporannya setara skripsi. Hal itu dilakukan untuk memperluas pilihan dan minat mahasiswa.

Usai berdiskusi, rombongan UMS diajak berkeliling dan melihat langsung bagaimana fasilitas pendukung untuk mahasiswa, mulai dari PDMA Nadim dengan berbagai karya dan koleksi, laboratorium, hingga ruang audio visual.

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The Power of Slow Living: Why Doing Less Can Mean Living More

The Power of Slow Living: Why Doing Less Can Mean Living More

In an age where the average person wakes up to a phone full of notifications, measures productivity in emails sent, and feels guilty for taking a break, the idea of slow living feels almost radical. It’s not about doing everything at a slow pace, nor is it about abandoning ambition. Instead, it’s a conscious choice to live with more intention, depth, and awareness in a culture that rewards speed above all else.

Slow living is less about how fast you move and more about why you move. It’s a philosophy that encourages people to align their daily choices with their values, focusing on what truly matters rather than what’s urgent. It challenges the fast-paced, “always-on” lifestyle and reminds us that sometimes the best way to move forward is to take a step back.

Why the World Needs to Slow Down 

Modern society has perfected the art of busyness. Social media fuels the “always on” mentality, creating a constant comparison loop where everyone seems to be doing more, earning more, and traveling more. The slow living movement stands as a counterweight—a reminder that life is not a checklist but an experience. It has its strong appeal, which is its link to mental well-being.

Moreover, slowing down reduces sensory overload, allowing the mind to process experiences fully. Research in lifestyle psychology shows that living intentionally can improve mood, reduce anxiety, and even enhance creativity. By not overpacking schedules, people permit themselves to rest—something our fast-paced cultures often treat as laziness rather than necessity. This mental approach is not wasted time; it’s active recovery for the mind and body.

From Movement to Lifestyle

What began as a niche lifestyle choice has now become a global conversation. Cities are seeing the rise of slow tourism, where travelers spend more time in one place, getting to know its culture deeply, rather than hopping from one destination to the next. Workplaces are experimenting with four-day workweeks to give employees more time to live beyond their jobs. Even consumer habits are shifting toward buying fewer, higher-quality items that last, reflecting a rejection of disposable culture. Embracing slow living doesn’t require a radical lifestyle change. It can start with these micro-choices that highlight the point that is not to escape life’s demands but to engage with them more mindfully.

Ironically, slowing down can help us achieve more of what we truly want. By focusing our time and energy on what matters, we can cultivate deeper relationships, make more thoughtful decisions, and experience life with greater satisfaction. In a world obsessed with acceleration, slow living isn’t just a lifestyle—it’s a quiet rebellion and, perhaps, the most future-forward way to live.

References

Cohen, E. (2024). Psychology of Slow Living: Rediscovering a Happier Pace of Life. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.

Rosen, M. (2024, August 8). Why ‘doing nothing, intentionally’ is good for us: The rise of the slow living movement. BBC. Retrieved August 14, 2025, from https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20240724-why-doing-nothing-intentionally-is-good-for-us-the-rise-of-the-slow-living-movement

 

Written by: Thrya Abdulraheem Motea Al-aqab

Edited by: Meigitaria Sanita

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Pidato Pengukuhan Prof. Subhan Afifi: “Komunikasi Publik Bidang Kesehatan ‘Kajian Empiris dan Arah Strategis di Era Digital”

Pidato Pengukuhan Prof. Subhan Afifi: Komunikasi Publik Bidang Kesehatan ‘Kajian Empiris dan Arah Strategis di Era Digital

Komunikasi publik dalam bidang kesehatan di Indonesia masih termarjinalkan. Tak populer seperti komunikasi politik maupun ekonomi. Padahal komunikasi publik merupakan kunci pada mitigasi krisis. Gagasan ini tertuang dalam pidato pengukuhan Guru Besar Prof. Subhan Afifi, S.Sos., M.Si pada 14 Agustus 2025 di Auditorium Kahar Mudzakir UII.

Beliau merupakan dosen sekaligus Ketua Program Studi Magister Ilmu Komunikasi, UII yang beberapa tahun terakhir fokus dalam kajian komunikasi publik bidang kesehatan. Dalam pidatonya yang bertajuk Komunikasi Publik Bidang Kesehatan ‘Kajian Empiris dan Arah Strategis di Era Digital kegagalan komunikasi publik pada pandemi Covid-19 memicu ketidakpercayaan masyarakat kepada pemerintah.

“Komunikasi publik merupakan pilar penting dalam mendorong partisipasi aktif masyarakat untuk menjaga kesehatan bersama. Namun, meskipun krisis kesehatan kerap muncul akibat kegagalan komunikasi, kajian komunikasi publik di Indonesia masih termarjinalkan, kalah dominan dibandingkan ekonomi politik dan health communication. Padahal, pengembangan kajian ini sangat krusial untuk menghadapi persoalan kompleks kesehatan secara efektif,” ujar Prof. Subhan Afifi.

Pandemi Covid-19 yang melanda dunia tahun 2020 hingga 2022 menjadi krisis besar yang tak hanya berdampak pada kesehatan, tetapi juga sosial, ekonomi, dan politik. Di Indonesia, tantangan komunikasi publik selama pandemi menunjukkan adanya pesan kontradiktif, ketidakkonsistenan, campur tangan politik dan ekonomi, hingga ketidakmampuan pemerintah membangun narasi yang efektif dan empatik.

“LP3ES (2020) mencatat adanya 37 pernyataan menyesatkan atau kontradiktif pada fase awal pandemi, yang berdampak pada erosi kepercayaan masyarakat,” ujarnya.

Kajian ini tak sekedar pertukaran pesan, melainkan sarana membangun kesadaran partisipasi masyarakat dalam mengubah perilaku kesehatan. Di era digital, komunikasi keseahatan mengalami berbagai tantangan seperti infodemic (terlalu banyak informasi), fragmentasi narasi, hingga misinformasi di media online. Dalam kondisi tersebut dibutuhkan solusi yang memadukan komunikasi risiko, literasi digital, hingga partisipasi masyarakat.

Prof. Subhan Afifi bersama tim telah melakukan kajian empriris bidang komunikasi kesehatan selama lima tahun terakhir. Penelitiannya telah dipublikasikan di jurnal internasional bereputasi, jurnal nasional terakreditasi, dan prosiding konferensi internasional ini mengkaji perilaku pencarian informasi kesehatan di media sosial, khususnya terkait stunting dan kesehatan perempuan Gen Z. Studi menyoroti pentingnya kredibilitas sumber, kemudahan akses, serta adaptasi pesan dengan budaya lokal.

Penelitian lain fokus pada perilaku pencegahan COVID-19, penggunaan media digital dalam komunikasi kesehatan, dan kepuasan pengguna layanan kesehatan digital, menekankan peran kualitas komunikasi dokter-pasien dan kepercayaan pada platform.

Pandemi COVID-19 memacu perubahan strategi komunikasi kesehatan ke media digital yang efektif bila dirancang kontekstual dengan teknik persuasi emosional dan visual. Model perilaku kesehatan yang dikembangkan menggabungkan faktor psikologis, sosial, dan teknologi dalam memahami perilaku pencegahan dan pencarian informasi.

Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini menegaskan bahwa komunikasi kesehatan di era digital memerlukan sinergi antara riset empiris, adaptasi budaya, dan inovasi teknologi, sebagai dasar strategi komunikasi kesehatan berkelanjutan, terutama di negara berkembang.

Menjawab tantangan komunikasi publik bidang kesehatan, berikut beberapa rekomendasi kebijakan yang ditawarkan.

Poin-Poin Rekomendasi Kebijakan

  1. Pemanfaatan Ekosistem Digital:

Optimalisasi media sosial sebagai kanal utama informasi kesehatan dengan kurasi ketat dan mekanisme mitigasi disinformasi berkelanjutan.

  1. Integrasi Behavioral Insights:

Rancang pesan komunikasi yang tidak hanya informatif tapi juga mampu membentuk keyakinan dan memotivasi tindakan sehat berdasarkan wawasan perilaku.

  1. Standarisasi Layanan Digital:

Perkuat kualitas komunikasi profesional di layanan kesehatan digital dengan menjaga sentuhan humanis untuk meningkatkan kepuasan dan kepercayaan pasien.

  1. Penguatan Kapasitas Riset dan Inovasi:

Dukungan kebijakan untuk memperkuat riset komunikasi kesehatan digital, inovasi, dan kolaborasi internasional agar relevan secara lokal dan global.

  1. Pemanfaatan Figur Publik Berbasis Etika:

Gunakan figur publik kredibel dalam kampanye kesehatan dengan prinsip etika komunikasi dan kesinambungan pesan.

  1. Permanenisasi Strategi Cyber PR:

Jadikan strategi cyber public relations sebagai bagian permanen dalam komunikasi kesehatan dan krisis untuk interaksi dua arah yang berkesinambungan antara pemerintah dan publik.

  1. Pengembangan Kurikulum Lintas Disiplin:

Perkuat pendidikan komunikasi kesehatan di perguruan tinggi dengan pendekatan lintas disiplin (komunikasi, kesehatan masyarakat, kedokteran, TI, psikologi, kebijakan publik).

  1. Pembentukan Pusat Studi Komunikasi Kesehatan:

Dirikan pusat riset, pelatihan, dan advokasi yang menjadi penghubung antara dunia akademik, pemerintah, praktisi media, dan sektor swasta.

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Webinar and Grand Launching of P2A 2025 ‘Creative Home of One ASEAN Community’

Webinar and Grand Launching of P2A 2025 ‘Creative Home of One ASEAN Community’

The International Program Communication (IPC) at UII held a webinar and grand launch of P2A ICE CREAM 2025 on 12 August 2025. This international mobility programme differs significantly from previous years, as while the 2024 edition was held in Indonesia and Malaysia, this year’s programme will take place in Malaysia and Thailand. The journey will commence from 18–30 August 2025.

With the theme ‘Choco’ or ‘Creative Home of One ASEAN Community,’ the train icon is highlighted as a symbol that the journey through Malaysia and Thailand will be undertaken via land routes.

The event was opened by Dr. Herman Felani, a lecturer from the Department of Communications Science at UII, who noted that amid the current challenging situation, crossing national borders has become a real-life experience.

“The world is not currently in a good situation; there are conflicts in many parts of the world, including areas very close to us in ASEAN. Therefore, I think the goal of P2A is to provide opportunities for the young generation in ASEAN to truly experience ASEAN by participating in mobility programs. One of the main concepts of P2A is land mobility traveling across borders,” explained Dr. Herman Felani.

What does P2A ICE CREAM CHOCO 2025 mean? It is an intercultural academic and creative mobility programme involving students from Universitas Islam Indonesia (Indonesia), Universiti Utara Malaysia (Malaysia), Suan Dusit University (Bangkok), and Chiang Mai Rajabhat University (Thailand).

In this project, students from Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand will collaborate to produce a digital magazine about Creative Communities in Yogyakarta, Penang, Kedah, Bangkok, and Chiang Mai. Audio-visual media will be incorporated into the magazines via QR codes. The team is divided into three divisions: copywriting, photography, and videography. The team must consult with their supervisors regularly. The topic of the project is Passage to ASEAN International Course on Creative Media: Creative Home of One Community in ASEAN (P2A ICE CREAM CHOCO)

Webinar Topic

To support this programme, students who join this programme will receive an overview of the material provided by Dr. Zaki Habibi and Dr. Asmidah binti Alwi.

Led by Dian Dwi Anisa, M.A., the discussion was interactive. The first material from Dr. Zaki Habibi, a lecturer in the Department of Communications Science at UII, focused on the topic titled ‘Creative Communities as alternative voices in the City: The concepts, the trajectories, and the methods’.

“Each of you, as participants of P2A, can actually stand by your own point of view. Do not leave it behind, because it can expand further during the programme,” he said, opening the discussion.

In general, the material he presented was based on his previous work, publications, and several studies related to a specific project called ‘Managed Urban Creative Activities in Southeast Asia’.

“Most of the cases are from Java as well as Malaysia, particularly Penang. You will see some examples from these places. Beyond that, the following insights also come from several research studies dealing with particular topics such as visual and sensory aspects, the urban environment, festivals, and artistic projects,” he added.

He also invited participants to reflect on various questions such as, “In your own opinion, what makes a city creative?”, “What do you want to see or experience in a creative city?”, and “How can people contribute creatively to make a vibrant yet liveable city?”.

The second presentation was by Dr. Asmidah binti Alwi, a lecturer at SCIMPA UUM, on the topic ‘From cyntok bhatiq to Batik Tanah Lembah Bujang: Creative Community Development’.

Specifically, the material described the process of a creative project that began in 2019. This project focused on creative experiments in designing batik motifs inspired by the unique flora around the University of Northern Malaysia (UUM). In 2020, the project received funding in the form of a grant from the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education. This funding enabled the team to focus their attention and efforts on rural community development through the batik industry. In other words, the project is not only oriented towards art and design but also aims to create positive socio-economic impacts for rural communities through the development of the batik industry as a source of income and community empowerment.

“What started as an art project soon became a bridge between heritage, creativity, and economic opportunities,” said Dr. Asmidah.

‘From a small community initiative to a dynamic creative centre, the Cyntok Bhaiq project has sparked entrepreneurship, created jobs, and strengthened cultural identity through batik art, transforming heritage into opportunities and community pride,’ she said, concluding his presentation.

Support for P2A ICE CREAM Choco from Various Parties

At this grand launch, various forms of support were received. Also joining from P2A ICE CREAM were Ir. Wiryono Raharjo, M.Arch., Ph.D., Vice Rector for Partnerships & Entrepreneurship, Prof. Masduki, Dean of FISB UII, as well as lecturers from Universiti Utara Malaysia (Malaysia), Suan Dusit University (Bangkok), and Chiang Mai Rajabhat University (Thailand).

“The peace campaign in Southeast Asia also involves knowledge exchange beyond the fields of communication, journalism, public relations, and so on. More importantly, there is a strategic programme related to the University of Islam Indonesia. I am confident that this programme will also be more involved in addressing global issues in Southeast Asia, particularly in the area of student mobility. Advancing our university means not only teaching but also involving our students domestically. However, we need to encourage them to venture abroad—to gain experience, build connections, and share, especially our students, both academics and social activists. This is how we bring Yogyakarta’s voice to the world.” Prof. Masduki

“Congratulations to the Department of Communication Studies on the launch of this exciting programme and the implementation of the three-step P2A concept: learning, knowledge, experience, and understanding.” Ir. Wiryono Raharjo, M.Arch., Ph.D.

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Three Malaysian Students Finally Complete ICT Programme

Three Malaysian Students Finally Complete ICT Programme

Three students from Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) have completed one semester of the International Credit Transfer (ICT) programme. The three students are Hareesh Ravi, Adam Danial bin Abdul Shukor, and Ku Mohd Fathi bin Ku Mohd Fauzi.

To mark the conclusion of the ICT program, the Department of Communication Studies at UII held a graduation ceremony on August 8, 2025.

As part of the International Programme Communication (IPC) at UII, the UUM students gained diverse experiences. In addition to academic activities, cultural immersion and exploration of tourist attractions were also conducted to support the ICT programme.

The Head of the Communication Studies, Dr. Zaki Habibi, extended his congratulations, hoping that the meetings and experiences at IPC UII would impart leadership skills.

“Congratulations on completing this programme. Personally, even though this programme has ended, I hope that the encounters, experiences, and the ups and downs, including learning about leadership, are the essence of every mobility programme,” said Dr. Zaki Habibi.

Some of the activities that took place in May 2025 included social engagement in Magelang, where they learned batik making and pottery crafting. A few months prior, the three of them also attended the wedding of one of their colleagues from the Department of Communications at UII. Interacting with the local community and experiencing their culture left a lasting impression on the ICT participants.

The ICT programme not only provides students with experiences but also strengthens the relationships and collaborations established between UII and UUM. This was highlighted by the Head of the Department of Communications, Iwan Awaluddin Yusuf, Ph.D.

“ICT is not just about the friendship between three students but also the good relationship between UII and UUM,” said Iwan Awaluddin Yusuf, Ph.D.

During the farewell event, the three ICT programme students shared their impressions and expressed their gratitude.

For Hareesh Ravi, the ICT programme was a turning point in his life. The Indian-born UUM student said, “Thank you for allowing us to study here. Studying here is not just about learning; it is an experience that has been a turning point for us,” he said.

Meanwhile, his colleague, Ku Mohd Fathi bin Ku Mohd Fauzi, noted that communication in Indonesia is very different from his previous learning experiences in other countries. At UII, communication between lecturers and students is conducted on an equal footing.

“I am happy because here, lecturers and students are very close, the best thing. It’s not just the place but the people—how everyone here strives to do their best, and I will miss that,” he concluded.

Lastly, Adam Danial bin Abdul Shukor expressed his pride in being part of the ICT programme at UII, “I am very proud to study here; the friends, lecturers, and environment are amazing,” he stated.

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Understanding Communication Research: The Three Important Paradigms

Understanding Communication Research: The Three Important Paradigms

In the field of communication research, three major paradigms provide distinct lenses through which we understand human interaction: positivism, constructivism, and critical theory. Each paradigm reflects different assumptions about reality, knowledge, and the role of research. Understanding these paradigms is essential for communication students as they shape not only how research is conducted, but also how communication phenomena are interpreted in academic and real-world contexts. 

The Three Paradigms and How These Paradigms Shape Communication Research

To understand these paradigms better, we need to see how each paradigm leads to different research questions, methods, and goals

  • Positivism: The Objective Lens 

Positivism is grounded in the belief that reality is objective and measurable. It favors quantitative methods, such as experiments and surveys, to identify patterns, causes, and effects in communication. Researchers in this paradigm aim for objectivity, generalization, and prediction. 

Positivist research asks questions like “What effect does social media use have on attention span?” and tests hypotheses using surveys or experiments. The goal is to find cause-and-effect relationships and generalize findings to a larger population. 

  • Constructivism: The Interpretive Lens 

Constructivism holds that reality is socially constructed through language, culture, and context. It emphasizes qualitative methods, such as interviews and observations, to explore how people make meaning in their everyday communication. 

Constructivist research explores questions like “How do teenagers interpret online identity on Instagram?” using interviews, focus groups, or observation. The goal is to deeply understand personal experiences and meanings within specific contexts. 

  • Critical Theory: The Transformative Lens 

Critical theory challenges power structures and seeks to uncover how communication can reproduce or resist social inequality. It often uses critical or emancipatory approaches to expose issues like media bias, gender inequality, and ideological control. 

Critical research might ask “How does media portrayal of minorities reinforce social inequality?” using textual analysis, discourse analysis, or feminist theory. The goal is to reveal hidden power structures and advocate for change. 

By shaping what we ask, how we gather data, and what we do with our findings, these paradigms are more than academic tools—they are foundations for real-world inquiry and impact. 

 Why Communication Students Must Learn These Paradigms  

Communication students must learn these paradigms because doing so equips them with a broader understanding of the field, allowing them to approach communication from multiple perspectives—scientific, humanistic, and political. This knowledge also enhances their research competence, helping them select appropriate methods and justify their choices based on the underlying philosophical stance. Moreover, studying paradigms fosters critical thinking by encouraging students to examine how knowledge is produced and how it influences society. Finally, through engagement with the critical paradigm in particular, students develop ethical insight, becoming more aware of the ethical implications of communication and their responsibilities as communicators. 

 Mastering the three paradigms in communication research is not just about theory—it is about shaping the way communication students see, study, and engage with the world. Whether designing a campaign, writing a thesis, or analyzing a media message, these paradigms provide the foundation for meaningful, impactful work in the communication field. 

References

Adil Abdul Rehman, & Khalid Alharthi. (2016). An introduction to research paradigms.

Researchgate, vol.3, 51-59. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325022648_An_introduction_to_research_paradigms

 

Written by: Thrya Abdulraheem Motea Al-aqab

Edited by: Meigitaria Sanita

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Ask the Expert: Bolehkah Mengerjakan Skripsi dengan AI?

Ask the Expert Bolehkah Mengerjakan Skripsi dengan AI

Skripsi atau tugas akhir berbasis riset menjadi salah satu persyaratan meraih gelar sarjana, termasuk di Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII). Setidaknya, proses menggarap skripsi memakan waktu satu semester atau lebih. Butuh kecermataan dan analisis mendalam untuk menyelesaikannya, jika menginginkan jalan pintas, bantuan AI jadi pilihan. Lantas bolehkah menulis skripsi dengan AI?

Data dari Chegg Survey tahun 2024 menunjukkan bahwa 67 persen mahasiswa di seluruh dunia menggunakan artificial intelligence (AI) untuk membantu menyelesaikan tugasnya. Peringkat pengguna tertinggi adalah mahasiswa Indonesia yakni 86 persen, disusul Malaysia dan Kenya 82 persen, dan India 75 persen.

Jika melihat data, nampaknya mahasiswa di Indonesia telah bergantung dengan AI. Benarkah asumsi tersebut? kebijakan soal penggunaan AI belum jelas di Indonesia, apakah menggunakan Ai sebagai bentuk plagiarisme?

Rektor UII, Prof. Fathul Wahid menjelaskan dalam sesi Ask the Expert bahwa menggunakan AI dalam menulis skripsi tidak dapat dibenarkan, porsi dominan menulis berada pada mahasiswa. Simak, berikut wawancara selengkapnya.

  1. Sebatas apa kita boleh menggunakan AI untuk membantu menulis skripsi atau riset?

Yang pertama, itu skripsi siapa? Kalau kita mengaku bahwa itu skripsi kita, maka kita yang menulis. Tapi kalau itu kita boleh akui sebagai skripsi (milik) AI, silahkan AI menulis. Nanti sampulnya adalah ditulis oleh AI kira-kira gitu. Sehingga porsi (dominan) penulisan itu harus tetap pada mahasiswa.

  1. Sudahkah ada aturan terkait penggunaan AI dalam bidang akademik?

Ada aturan atau tidak, secara etis itu bermasalah. Karena ini soal kemengakuan, authorship. Jadi kalau itu bukan karya kita, kita tidak boleh mengaku itu karya kita. Normanya seperti itu, apalagi jika sudah ada aturan.

  1. Apa saja pekerjaan di bidang akademik yang boleh menggunakan AI?

Ada porsi dimana kita bisa menggunakan AI misalkan untuk mencari inspirasi, memperbaiki bahasa, sampai level tertentu mungkin. Tapi tetap saja ada koridor yang harus disepakati. Yaitu masalah kerahasiaan, privasi, itu tidak perlu dilanggar. Ada ruang-ruang itu, dan menolak AI juga bukan pilihan pijak. Tapi bagaimana AI digunakan dalam kadar yang tepat secara bijaksana.

Dari statement, Pak Rektor di atas sudahkah jelas hukum menulis skripsi dengan AI? Bagaimana menurutmu Comms?

Meigitaria Sanita
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Citizen Parliament on Media and Democracy: From Representation to Participation ‘Rethinking Media and Democracy’

International Seminar

The Department of Communications, Universitas Islam Indonesia, successfully held an international seminar titled “Citizen Parliament on Media and Democracy: A Tool for Democratic Renewal” on Thursday, 24 July 2025, Auditorium Room, 3rd Floor, Faculty of Social and Cultural Sciences (FISB), Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII). This seminar featured two esteemed speakers from Charles University, Czech Republic: Prof. Nico Carpentier and Assoc. Prof. Vaia Doudaki. The event aimed to introduce the concept of citizen parliament as a democratic tool and to explore the intersection of media, participation, and democratic renewal.

The event began with welcoming remarks from Iwan Awaluddin Yusuf, S.IP., M.Si., Ph.D., Head of Department, and Prof. Masduki, Dean of the Faculty of Social and Cultural Sciences. They expressed gratitude to the organizing team and highlighted the significance of citizen-driven dialogue in the digital age.

Following this, Dr. Zaki Habibie presented an overview of UII’s Master’s Program in Digital and Environmental Communication, providing context for how digitalization and environmental concerns intersect with communication studies, and the courses within the 4 semesters of this degree . This seminar was part of a broader Visiting Professor initiative designed to enrich academic discourse and curriculum development at UII.

It started by exploring how citizen parliaments—participatory forums where ordinary people discuss public issues—can strengthen democracy, especially in the context of media systems. Drawing from the European MEDEMA Project, Professor Carpentier explained that these forums allow citizens to deliberate, propose solutions, and offer recommendations on how media should function in a democratic society.

Building on this, Associate Professor Vaia Doudaki shared findings from a citizen parliament in the Czech Republic, where a diverse group of 20 citizens gathered to discuss media participation, representation, and regulation. They proposed 51 resolutions, with 31 accepted through consensus. These included calls for more inclusive media, stronger media literacy, protection from monopolies, and increased citizen involvement in public broadcasting.

Things to highlight as a communication student:

One of the most insightful parts of the seminar was when Professor Nico Carpentier explained that democracy is not a fixed concept, but rather an ongoing struggle. He highlighted that while most democracies are built on two core principles—representation and participation—there is often an imbalance between them. When participation is weak or absent, a political gap forms, leaving citizens disconnected from decision-making. Carpentier stressed that this imbalance becomes the subject of continuous political struggle, as different groups try to shape democracy in ways that either expand or restrict participation. In this context, citizen parliaments offer a practical response—creating spaces where ordinary people can deliberate and co-decide, ultimately working to close that gap and renew democratic practice.

It highlighted how democratic renewal is possible when citizens are given real opportunities to engage, and a call to imagine more participatory futures for media and democracy.

This seminar exemplifies UII’s commitment to fostering critical, international, and interdisciplinary dialogue. By introducing the concept of citizen parliaments, the event contributed valuable insight into how democracy can be revitalized through inclusive communication processes.

 

Written by: Thrya Abdulraheem Motea Al-aqab

Edited by: Meigitaria Sanita

Meigitaria Sanita
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Visiting Professor: Mentorship Developing Conference Abstract Into a Journal Manuscript

Visiting Professor: Mentorship Developing Conference Abstract Into a Journal Manuscript

Publikasi riset menjadi salah satu bentuk tanggung jawab dosen sebagai akademisi. Dalam proses pengembangan karya ilmiah, dari abstrak konferensi menjadi naskah jurnal, kolaborasi dan kemandirian menjadi kunci utama keberhasilan.

Hal ini ditekankan oleh Nico Carpentier, Extraordinary Professor in Media and Communication Studies, Centre for Media Studies, Institute of Communication Studies and Journalism, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.

Nico menegaskan bahwa alih-alih hanya mengandalkan mentor eksternal, peneliti perlu menciptakan sebuah lingkungan kolaboratif yang memungkinkan mereka berbagi pengalaman dan memberikan umpan balik konstruktif.

Pendekatan ini tidak hanya memperkaya proses belajar bersama tetapi juga membantu mengatasi berbagai tantangan umum dalam penulisan akademik, seperti penyusunan kerangka kerja teoretis yang jelas, menjaga alur narasi tetap logis, dan menangani persoalan metodologis tanpa bias.

Dalam menulis artikel akademik kejelasan dan struktur narasi sangat menentukan keberhasilan komunikasi riset. Menurutnya, inti argumen harus disampaikan sejak awal tulisan, bukan ditunda hingga bagian akhir.

Pendekatan ini membuat pembaca segera memahami fokus dan pentingnya penelitian yang dilakukan, serta mampu mengikuti perkembangan logis dari argumen yang disajikan. Sikap ini sangat membantu dalam proses peer-review karena memudahkan peninjau memahami kontribusi ilmiah yang ditawarkan.

“If your core argument appears only at the end, it risks being missed. Academic writing demands clarity from the start—readers must know early what your research is about and why it matters. Present your key idea up front, not as a hidden conclusion, but as a guiding thread throughout.” Pesan ini menguatkan pentingnya kemampuan komunikasi yang efektif dalam akademik.

Lebih jauh, Nico menekankan bahwa peneliti  tidak selalu membutuhkan bimbingan langsung dari dirinya “Because all the competences are here,” peneliti dapat saling membimbing dan mendukung satu sama lain berdasarkan pengalaman bersama. Dengan demikian, kemandirian akademik sekaligus budaya kolaboratif dapat terbangun secara berkelanjutan. “You share a lot of problems, some of you are more experienced than others, so you can also share these experiences and work with each other. You can mentor each other. So that’s the conclusion. Do it yourself!” ujarnya.

Dalam sesi visiting professor yang dihelat MIKOM UII beberapa pendampingan dilakukan seperti mapping and finding doctoral positions and postdoctoral fellowships untuk para dosen-dosen Ilmu Komunikasi UII. Sementara kegiatan inti selanjutnya adalah international seminar bertajuk ”Citizen Parliament on Media and Democracy: A Tool for Democratic Renewal” dengan pembicara Nico Carpentier dan Vaia Doudaki pada Kamis, 24 Juli 2025. Selengkapnya:

International Seminar: Citizen Parliament on Media and Democracy ‘A Tool for Democratic Renewal’