Tag Archive for: kejahatan seksual

pampam

AES Forum: The History of Gender Sensitive Journalism in the Japanese Colonization Era in Indonesia

Reading Time: 2 minutes

Many say that the Japanese Population Age was a New Age, but it is also widely known as the Darkest Age of Colonialism. There are many stories of how the atrocities during the Japanese occupation were recorded in the oral history and the mass media published at that time.

On August 29, 2020, in the discussion of the Amir Effendi Siregar (AES) Forum, Iwan Awaluddin Yusuf, an UII Lecturer in Communication Science Department who has researched a lot about gender-sensitive journalism, shared his data findings on the Japanese colonization in Indonesia. This fact is widely published in the media reporting on women. How women are represented in Japanese media and journalistic techniques. Not only in newspaper coverage, but also in comics.

Afraid to be taken away

At that time Indonesian women were very afraid to look good. “They are afraid, so they will dress as badly as possible for fear of being taken away,” said Iwan. At that time women had to give their energy, thoughts, skills, and even possessions for the benefit of the Japanese colonizers.

So women who are good, beautiful, healthy, polite will be taken as jugun ianfu (comfort women who are actually prisoners for sex slaves during the Japanese occupation) or fujinkai (female soldiers who support Japan) who help the war to expand colonization in East Asia.

At that time, the media in Indonesia became a propaganda medium. In fact, not only journalistic media but also comics always portray women as beautiful, able to provide good and healthy meals for families, able to look after children.

Japan is also trying to drown out the narrative of American women. At that time, America wanted to show that women must have an equal position with men with various abilities and intelligence. Meanwhile, Japan, with advertisements in its media, depicts a good woman as being gentle and capable of taking care of  the household.

This is also confirmed by Galuh Ambar, who researched the construction of Indonesian women in the Japanese era. She, through the IVAA grant program, quoted the magazine Pandji Poestaka, which described the construction of new women’s ideas in the household. Pandji Poestaka, for example, wrote, “Now we are facing a new world, a new order, heading for greater east Asia under the leadership of old brother Nippon. Mothers are not the least of our obligations in achieving that noble ideal. Our first duty is to completely eliminate all bad western influences, to clean the household from the smell of the west. ”

At that time the comics became a propaganda tool. You can see the comic Sembadra and Srikandi. In the comic, the Suprapti-Sutarti brothers are depicted in different characters. Suprapti is a girl from home, while Sutarti is a girl who likes marching training, is brave, and manly. Two girls like that who would help Japan realize its dream of becoming Asian leaders at that time.

 

pampam

Forum AES: Sejarah dan Catatan Jurnalisme Sensitif Gender

Reading Time: 2 minutes

Isu Sensitif Gender sudah ramai dibicarakan sejak mendekati milenium kedua.  Diawali oleh buku yang ditulis oleh Mukhotib di tahun 1998 berjudul Jurnalisme sensitif Gender diterbitkan oleh PMII. Tapi jika melihat lika liku sejarahnya, jurnalisme sensitif gender ini sudah dimulai jauh di jaman kolonial Belanda.

Iwan Awaluddin Yusuf, salah seorang dosen Ilmu Komunikasi UII yang sedang studi doktoral di Monash University, banyak memaparkan data yang begitu kaya dalam diskusi di Forum Amir Effendi Siregar (AES) pada  29 Agustus 2020.

Dalam diskusi itu ia banyak menceritakan konteks jurnalisme sensitif Gender, literatur, sejarah dan dinamika Jurnalisme sensitif gender serta beberapa kajian riset. Ia juga melihat jurnalisme sensitif gender ini tak sebatas di pemberitaan media, tapi juga terjadi dalam praktik keseharian yg melingkupi dunia jurnalistik.

Misalnya upah karyawan perempuan yang lebih rendah, tidak adanya perlindungan jurnalis perempuan, syarat rekrutmen, tidak adanya ruang laktasi, dan, “tidak adanya toleransi libur untuk perempuan dalam masa menstruasi,” kata Iwan mencontohkan.

Iwan berpendapat, wartawan perempuan dari sisi jumlah meningkat pascareformasi. Peran perempuan dan medianya mulai beragam. Mulai dari media dengan perspektif feminis bermunculan, lalu jurnalis perempuan yang menjadi pemimpin redaksi dan tentu saja bisa menentu kebijakan redaksi. “Tercatat ada 12 Perempuan yang menjadi pemimpin redaksi,” kata Iwan. Muncul juga perkumpulan jurnalis latar belakang perempuan dalam Forum Jurnalis Perempuan Indonesia yang diketuai Uni Lubis, dan Serikat sindikasi.

Ditambah lagi, Iwan juga mengatakan bahwa beberapa media arusutama berbasis di Jakarta bahkan punya jurnalis yang spesialisasi dan idealismenya kuat pada  jurnalisme sensitif gender. “Tak hanya idealisme, tapi juga memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan,” imbuhnya.  Merebaknya kasus kekerasan dan pelecehan seksual membuat pendekatan ini menjadi kian masif digunakan.

Perkembangan jurnalisme ini juga membaik. Muncul beragam liputan-liputan bagus menungkap kekerasa seksual sepertu liputan kolaboratif #namabaikkampus. Muncul komunitas yang menjadi media watch dalam peliputan yang sensitif gender. Misalnya remotivi, KNRP, dan mafindo.

Iwan juga mengamati, pada tataran praksis, jurnalis dan jajaran manajemen masih kesulitan dan kedodoran menerapkan jurnalisme ini. Meski pemahaman dan perspektif gender telah banyak dipahami. ”Di lintas departemen, perspektif jurnalisme sensitif gender tak sepenuhnya merata dipahami,” ungkapnya. Tidak ada pelatihan khusus dan kontrol rutin soal pengetahuan jurnalisme sensitif gender.

Dilihat dari babakan sejarah, secara periodisasi, Iwan memberikan bànyak data dan cerita yang melimpah tentang peran perempuan atau data sejarah yang didasarkan pada jurnalisme sensitif gender. Sebagai catatan bahwa Jurnalisme sensitif gender tidak melulu membicarakan perempuan, tetapi juga melihat konteks bagaimana gender dinarasikan dalam masa tertentu.

Dalam membagi sejarah perkembangan jurnalisme sensitif gender, Iwan membagi dalam lima periodisasi milestone Jurnalisme Sensitif Gender. Pertama Era kolonial, era social marxis di bawah Presiden Soekarno,  Era suharto, era transisi reformasi dan era paska reformasi hingga kini.